Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies: the Swedish case
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
1996
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Routledge studies in international business and the world economy
2 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007213950&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XV, 192 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0415122864 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies |b the Swedish case |c Thomas Andersson ; Torbjörn Fredriksson ; Roger Svensson |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of figures vii
List of tables ix
About the authors xiii
Foreword xv
1 INTRODUCTION 1
The wider scope of internationalization 1
Changes in FDI 2
The home country still matters 5
Unique data 7
Content of the book 10
2 MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES AND
NATION STATES 12
Basic theories 12
Organizational forms, ownership and modes of entry 14
Locational determinants of FDI 17
Effects on national economies 20
Reorientation of global FDI 24
3 SWEDEN AND THE
INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS 27
irom high growth to hardship 27
One sided internationalization 30
77 e internationalization of Swedish MNCs 35
S i/f 2« ownership and entry modes 42
4 MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES AND
TRADE 48
International trade in transition 48
v
CONTENTS
Foreign production and exports by Swedish MNCs 50
Organizational modes and intra firm trade 54
Geographical patterns 57
Sectoral patterns 62
Intra firm trade and mode of establishment 65
Production in affiliates and home country exports 69
5 TECHNOLOGY AND MULTINATIONALS 76
A crucial factor 76
R D and technical progress 78
Technology creation in Swedish MNCs 81
R D in foreign affiliates 87
R D and international competitiveness 96
International technology transfers 99
Expenditures on training 102
6 EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND
RESTRUCTURING BY MULTINATIONALS 107
Introduction 107
European integration and the Single Market 108
FDI in Europe: EC v. non EC countries 110
The response of Swedish MNCs 118
Connections between parents and affiliates 123
Home country effects and responses 126
7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS 131
Appendix A 138
Appendix B 160
Notes 173
References 179
Index 189
vi
FIGURES
1 Inward and outward FDI in Sweden, 1965 93 31
2 Outward direct investment as a proportion of gross
domestic investment by country, 1976 80, 1981 5
and 1986 90 33
3 Proportion of acquisitions in different regions over
time 44
4 Distribution of Swedish MNCs output and sales in
Sweden and abroad, 1970 90 51
5 Composition of exports from parent companies of
Swedish MNCs, 1970 90 52
6 Imports from parent companies, total exports and
exports to Sweden by manufacturing affiliates of
Swedish MNCs in relation to affiliates total sales,
1970 90 53
7 Destination of sales by Swedish, United States and
Japanese majority owned affiliates abroad, 1990 54
8 Composition of parent company exports to
manufacturing affiliates of Swedish MNCs, identical
firms, 1970 90 55
9 Gross domestic expenditure on R D as a percentage
of GDP in selected OECD countries, 1977 and 1989 79
10 Average annual growth of R D expenditure across
industries, 1974 90 83
11 Total, domestic and overseas R D intensity of
Swedish MNCs, 1970 90 85
12 Overseas production and overseas R D of Swedish
MNCs, 1990 91
13 Distribution of Swedish MNCs overseas R D and
overseas production, by region, 1990 92
vii
FIGURES
14 R D intensity of Swedish MNCs and the ratio of
foreign to total sales, 1990 98
15 Expenditure on education and training per employee
by Swedish MNCs, per industry, at home and
abroad, 1990 103
16 (a) Net flows of FDI in EFTA countries, 1981 92 112
(b) Net flows of FDI in selected EC countries,
1981 92 112
(c) Net flows of FDI in Portugal, Spain, the United
Kingdom and the EC as a whole, 1981 92 113
17 Changes in average inflows and outflows of FDI in
EC and EFTA countries between the periods 1981 5
and 1986 90 relative to GNP in 1985 and 1990
respectively 114
18 Total expenditure on R D in Sweden relative to
GNP, 1981 91 128
viii
TABLES
1 Outward stock of FDI relative to GDP, 1990, and
share of total outward stock of FDI in the OECD,
1980 and 1990, by country 4
2 Swedish multinational companies in manufacturing,
by industry of parent, 1990 9
3 Share of services in total employment, by
sub industries, in Swedish manufacturing,
1970 91 25
4 Inward stocks of foreign direct investment, by major
host region, 1975 90 26
5 Annual change in employment in Swedish firms, by
company size, 1985 90 and 1990 2 29
6 Swedish exports of goods, by destination, 1970 92 30
7 Geographical distribution of Swedish outward FDI,
1971 93 32
8 The 20 largest Swedish multinational companies in
manufacturing, ranked according to foreign
employment, 1990 34
9 Swedish share of Swedish MNC sales, production,
value added and employment, 1970 90 36
10 Annual percentage change in number of employees,
various categories of manufacturing affiliates of
Swedish MNCs, all and selected industries, 1979 86
and 1987 90 37
11 Distribution of employees in Swedish MNCs, by
industry, 1990 37
12 Employment in Swedish owned foreign
manufacturing affiliates in developed countries, by
industry and region, 1978,1986 and 1990 38
ix
TABLES
13 Employment in Swedish owned foreign
manufacturing affiliates in developing countries, by
industry and region, 1978, 1986 and 1990 39
14 Distribution of new foreign affiliates of Swedish
MNCs, by parent company size, 1965 90 41
15 Employment in foreign manufacturing affiliates of
Swedish MNCs, distributed over different regions,
by company size, 1990 41
16 (a) Percentage of affiliates directly or indirectly
wholly owned by the parent company of the MNC,
by region, selected years 1965 90 42
(b) Percentage of affiliates over 50 per cent directly
owned by the parent company of the MNC, by
region, selected years 1965 90 43
17 Proportion of take overs in the periods 1971 80 and
1981 90, by country 45
18 Proportion of acquisitions among affiliates in
different industries and period of acquisition, 1901 90 46
19 Total Swedish exports and exports accounted for by
parent companies of Swedish MNCs, selected years
1970 91 50
20 Exports from parent companies of Swedish MNCs and
total Swedish exports, by industry and region, 1990 58
21 Total parent exports and exports to manufacturing
affiliates of Swedish MNCs, by region, 1990 59
22 Sales and imports from parents by foreign
manufacturing affiliates of Swedish MNCs, by
region, 1990 60
23 Sales and exports from foreign manufacturing
affiliates of Swedish MNCs, by region, 1990 61
24 Exports to foreign manufacturing affiliates as a share
of total parent exports, by industry, 1970 90 63
25 Imports from parent company and exports by foreign
manufacturing affiliates of Swedish MNCs relative to
sales, by industry, 1990 64
26 Propensity of Swedish owned affiliates to import
from parent, and the proportion of intermediates in
their overall imports, by entry mode, selected years
1970 90 66
27 Imports from parent companies as a proportion of
sales by affiliates established between 1955 and 1965,
x
TABLES
arithmetic means, by mode of entry, selected years
1965 86 68
28 Imports from parent companies as a proportion of
sales by affiliates established between 1964 and 1974,
arithmetic means, by mode of entry, selected years
1974 90 68
29 Proportion of Swedish owned foreign manufacturing
affiliates which imported intermediate products from
the parent company, by region, selected years 1974 90 71
30 Percentage of Swedish total foreign sales produced
abroad, by region, selected years 1965 90 71
31 Share of Sweden and of Swedish MNCs in world and
OECD exports, selected years 1970 92 72
32 Gross domestic expenditure on R D and number of
national patent applications, 1985, plus annual real
growth in these variables, in selected OECD
countries, 1975 85 80
33 R D expenditure of Swedish MNCs, by industry,
1970 90 82
34 Total R D intensity of Swedish MNCs, by industry,
selected years 1970 90 84
35 Total R D intensity of the 50 largest R D spenders
in different regions, selected years 1984 92 84
36 Number of patent applications in Sweden by Swedish
MNCs, by industry, 1974 90 86
37 Share of R D abroad for Swedish MNCs, by
industry, 1970 90 89
38 Share of R D abroad for 20 large Finnish MNCs, by
industry, 1987 and 1992 89
39 R D expenditure of foreign manufacturing affiliates,
by region, 1990 93
40 R D intensities among foreign manufacturing
affiliates, by region, 1990 94
41 R D expenditure of foreign manufacturing affiliates
with different entry mode, by industry, 1978 and 1990 94
42 R D intensities among foreign manufacturing
affiliates with different entry mode, by industry, 1978
and 1990 95
43 Distribution of employment in Swedish
manufacturing: small firms, subcontractors and large
firms, 1989 104
xi
TABLES
44 Employment categories for the global operations of
Swedish manufacturing MNCs, 1988 105
45 Swedish manufacturing MNCs classified according to
level of expenditure on training, 1990 105
46 Inward cumulative flows of FDI in the OECD,
1971 80,1981 6 and 1987 90 111
47 Geographical distribution of inward stock of FDI in
Western Europe, selected years 1980 92, and GDP in
1990 115
48 EC share of the OECD countries stock of FDI in
Europe, 1990 116
49 Geographical distribution of the United States stock
of FDI in Western Europe, 1972 90 116
50 Employment in Japanese owned manufacturing firms
in Europe, 1989 117
51 Number of European manufacturing affiliates of
Swedish MNCs, 1986 and 1990, by country 118
52 Distribution of employees in the parent companies
and European manufacturing and sales affiliates of
Swedish MNCs, 1986 and 1990 by country 119
53 Number of European manufacturing affiliates of
Swedish MNCs, 1986 and 1990, by country and region 120
54 Output from foreign manufacturing affiliates of
Swedish MNCs in the EC and in EFTA countries, by
industry, 1986 and 1990 121
55 Propensity of Swedish owned European affiliates to
export and to import intermediate products from the
parent company, by country, 1990 122
56 Employment in identical Swedish MNCs, parent
companies and manufacturing affiliates, in the EC, by
industry, 1986 and 1990 124
57 Share of intermediates in total parent exports to the
EC, and in parent exports to manufacturing affiliates
in the EC, by industry, 1986 and 1990 124
58 Average annual changes in value added per employee
between 1986 and 1990, by industry, region and
selected host countries, identical MNCs 125
59 Industrial employment and value added as shares of
total employment and value added in Sweden, 1980,
1985 and 1991 127
xii
|
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| geographic_facet | Schweden |
| id | DE-604.BV010799670 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T10:00:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0415122864 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007213950 |
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| physical | XV, 192 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
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| publisher | Routledge |
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| series | Routledge studies in international business and the world economy |
| series2 | Routledge studies in international business and the world economy |
| spellingShingle | Andersson, Thomas Fredriksson, Torbjörn Svensson, Roger Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case Routledge studies in international business and the world economy Företag - internationalisering Multinationella företag - Sverige sao Utlandsinvesteringar - Sverige sao Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises -- Sweden Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd Internationalisierung (DE-588)4162106-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075092-9 (DE-588)4162106-2 (DE-588)4077258-5 |
| title | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case |
| title_auth | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case |
| title_exact_search | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case |
| title_full | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case Thomas Andersson ; Torbjörn Fredriksson ; Roger Svensson |
| title_fullStr | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case Thomas Andersson ; Torbjörn Fredriksson ; Roger Svensson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies the Swedish case Thomas Andersson ; Torbjörn Fredriksson ; Roger Svensson |
| title_short | Multinational restructuring, internationalization and small economies |
| title_sort | multinational restructuring internationalization and small economies the swedish case |
| title_sub | the Swedish case |
| topic | Företag - internationalisering Multinationella företag - Sverige sao Utlandsinvesteringar - Sverige sao Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises -- Sweden Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd Internationalisierung (DE-588)4162106-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Företag - internationalisering Multinationella företag - Sverige Utlandsinvesteringar - Sverige Multinationales Unternehmen International business enterprises -- Sweden Internationalisierung Schweden |
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