Transforming the core: restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Westview Press
1996
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007171411&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XX, 315 S. |
| ISBN: | 0813327040 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819261818954055680 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Tables, Charts, and Boxes xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Abbreviations v
ALA
1 Introduction 1
The Nature of the Problem, 1
Objectives, 2
Approach, 3
Organization of the Study, 6
Notes, 6
2 Initial Conditions and Performance During Transition 7
Legacies and Preconditions, 7
Overview, 7
Economic Characteristics and Structural Imbalances, 10
Prior Development of Institutions for a Market Economy, 11
Macroeconomic Imbalances, 15
Policies and Trends During the Transition, 17
Political Trends During the Transition, 17
Economic Policies, 18
Macroeconomic Trends, 21
The Problem of Producers Response, 24
The Nature of the Problem, 24
Evidence from Enterprise Surveys, 25
Influence of Various Actors on Enterprises, 27
Notes, 30
v
vi Contents
3 Policies Affecting State Enterprises 31
Establishing an Appropriate Economic Environment, 31
Creating Markets, 31
Financial Intermediation and Control, 37
Financial Restructuring and Bankruptcy, 44
Privatization, 48
Main Issues and Characteristics, 48
Privatization Through Restitution, 53
Small Scale Privatization, 55
Sales to Outsiders, 56
Sales to Insiders, 58
Mass or Voucher Privatization, 59
Assessment of Privatization Programs, 62
Managing and Restructuring Remaining State Enterprises, 66
Principal Issues, 66
Industrial Policy, 67
Corporatization, 70
Management Contracts, 72
Liquidation, 74
Managing Industries Under Long Term State Ownership, 75
Assessment, 76
Notes, 78
4 Poland 79
A Brief Review of the Transition, 79
General Characteristics, 79
Legacies from the Communist Era, 79
Polish Economic Policies During the Transition, 81
Macroeconomic Trends During the Transition, 83
Institutional Change, 86
Trends in Enterprise Finances, 89
The Politics of Transition, 90
The Behavior of State Enterprises, 92
The Problem of Producers Response, 92
Trends in Industry, 93
Microeconomic Evidence of Enterprise Behavior, 98
Privatization, 102
Characteristics of Privatization Policies, 102
Methods of Privatization, 103
Effectiveness of Privatization Methods, 112
Contents vii
Transforming the Remaining State Enterprises, 113
General, 113
Strengthening Enterprise and Bank Finances, 115
Management Contracts, 117
The Sectoral Approach, 117
Dealing With Losers, 119
Evaluation of Policies on the Remaining State Enterprises, 121
Notes, 123
5 The Czech Republic 127
A Brief View of the Czechoslovak Transition, 127
General Characteristics and Legacies, 127
Transition Policies, 128
Economic Performance, 131
Policies in Dealing with State Enterprises, 133
General Characteristics of Policies, 133
De concentration, 133
Privatization Policy, 135
Voucher Privatization, 139
Strengthening Enterprise Finances, 142
Bankruptcy and Restructuring, 143
The Residual Role of Government, 143
Evaluation of Czech Policies, 144
Results, 144
The Roles of the Principal Actors, 146
Conclusions, 148
Notes, 150
6 Hungary 153
The Economy Through 1989, 153
Basic Features, 153
Economic Structure, 154
Reforms, 155
Macroeconomic Policies and Performance, 1989 1995, 161
Legacies of the 1970s and 1980s, 161
Transition Coincides with Large Economic Shocks, 161
1989 1991: Economic Stabilization, 162
1992 1994: Economic Policy Mistakes, 163
1994 1995: A New Crisis Prompts New Austerity Measures, 164
The Economic Performance of Hungary vs. the Czech
Republic and Poland, 1989 1994, 167
viii Contents
Key Institutions and Policies Affecting State Owned Enterprises, 170
Privatization, 170
The Banking System and Enterprise Finance, 184
Corporate Governance, 193
Responses by State Owned Enterprises, 196
To Import Liberalization and Decline in Aggregate Demand, 197
To Monetary Policy and Credit Conditions, 198
To Changes in Corporate Governance, 199
Restructuring: Accomplishments and Tasks, 201
Restructuring the Macro Economy, 201
Changes in the Size Structure of Firms, 204
Changes in Ownership Structure, 205
The Tasks Remaining, 205
Notes, 207
7 Russia 211
The Economic Legacy and the Economy in Late 1991, 212
The Pre 1992 Reform Efforts
and the 1991 Economic Situation, 212
Physical Capital and Industrial Structure, 214
Human Capital, 216
The 1992 Reform Package, 216
Overview, 216
Price Liberalization, 217
Fiscal Policy, 219
Monetary Policy, 220
Liberalization of Foreign Trade, 222
New Administrative Structure, 222
Removal of Controls on SOEs, 223
Privatization Program, 223
Macroeconomic Trends Since the Beginning of Reforms, 227
A Note on Measurement Problems, 228
Macroeconomic Trends During 1992 1994, 229
Internal Governance Structure of SOEs, 235
Main Types of Enterprise Ownership, 235
Enterprise Directors, 236
Relationships Among Enterprise Divisions, 238
Workers, 239
External Relationships of SOEs, 240
links with Other Enterprises, 240
Relationship with Local Authorities, 241
The Role of Banks, 242
Contents {x
Role of the Federal Government and Central Bank, 243
Foreign Trade, 245
Enterprise Behavior and Economic Reforms, 246
Initial Reactions of Enterprises, 246
Inter enterprise Debt in Arrears, 247
Adjusting to the New Economic Environment: Evidence
from Management, 253
Some Theoretical Issues in Transitional Enterprise Behavior, 256
Large Scale Privatization and Other Changes in Enterprise
Environment in 1994, 257
The Effect of Large Scale Privatization, 257
The Post Voucher (Cash) Privatization, 262
Bankruptcy Law, 265
An Assessment of Russian Reforms, 267
Notes, 271
References, 282
8 Conclusions, Lessons, Prospects 287
Legacies and Initial Conditions, 287
Transformation Strategies and Progress, 288
The Pure Models, 288
Observed Strategies, 290
Comparative Assessment of Progress, 291
Restructuring Enterprises, 293
Definitions, 293
Key Findings, 295
Privatization and Restructuring, 295
The Budget Constraint, Financial Intermediation,
and Restructuring, 297
Corporate Governance, 301
Macroeconomic Policies and Institution Building, 303
Transformation and Economic Growth Prospects, 304
The CE 3 Countries, 304
Russia, 306
China, 308
Notes, 309
Index 311
About the Book and Authors 315
Tables, Charts, and Boxes
Tables
2.1 Economic Characteristics of the Five Countries in 1992 11
2.2 Trends in Gross Domestic Product of the Five Countries 21
3.1 Contribution of the Non State Sector to GDP and Industry
in the Five Countries 50
3.2 The Matrix of Privatization Policies of Poland, Hungary,
the Czech Republic, and Russia 54
3.3 Policies of Dealing with the Remaining State Enterprises in
Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, China, and Russia 68 69
4.1 Poland: Macroeconomic Trends, 1985,1990 1994 84
4.2 Poland: Percent Contribution of the Private Sector 87
4.3 Poland: Number of Business Units, 1989 1994 88
4.4 Poland: State Enterprises Privatized and Liquidated,
6/90 to 12/93 89
4.5 Poland: Size of Public and Private Industrial Firms in 1993 92
4.6 Poland: Firm Size, Capital Intensity, and Share of Public
Ownership, 1993 94
4.7 Poland: Industrial Production Indexes, 1990 1994 95
4.8 Poland: Industrial Employment and Productivity, 1992 and
1994 98
4.9 Poland: Number of Nonagricultural Enterprises Privatized,
1990 1994 105
4.10 Poland: Nine Steps of Privatization Through Transformation 106
4.11 Poland: The Six Steps of Privatization Through Liquidation 108
4.12 Poland: Mass Privatization Program (MPP) in Brief,
circa 1993 1994 111
4.13 Poland: Status of State Enterprises as of 6/30/94 115
4.14 Poland: The Sectoral Approach to Privatization, in Brief,
circa 1993 1994 118
xi
xii Tables, Charts, and Boxes
5.1 Czech Republic: Major Federal Economic Reform Legislation
in 1990 and 1991 129
5.2 The Czech Republic: Economic Trends, 1990 1994 131
5.3 De concentration in the Czech Republic: Number of State
Enterprises in Selected Industries in 1990 133
5.4 Czech Republic: Number of Industrial Units Before
and After Approval of Privatization Projects 134
5.5 Czech Republic: Number of Industrial Enterprises
by Employment Group 135
5.6 Czech Republic: Information Required by Authorities
in Privatization Projects (circa 1993 1994) 137
5.7 Czech Republic: Originators of Privatization Projects
Through 1993 138
5.8 Czech Republic: Approved Privatization Projects as of
January 19,1993 139
5.9 Czech Republic: Supply, Bids and Sales of Shares in the
First Wave of Voucher Privatization 141
5.10 Czech Republic: Ranking of Sectors by Average Price per
Share in the First Wave of Voucher Privatization 149
6.1 Annual Inflation Rates in Hungary, the Czech Republic,
and Poland, 1989 1994 168
6.2 Unemployment Rates in Hungary, the Czech Republic,
and Poland, 1990 1994 168
6.3 Contributions of the Public, Private, and Foreign Sectors
to Hungary s GDP, 1980 1992 177
6.4 Contributions of the Public, Private, and Foreign Sectors
to Hungary s Extended GDP, 1980 1992 178
6.5 SPA s Annual Revenues from Privatization by Type of
Payment, 1990 1994 180
6.6 Method of Calculating Share of State Assets Affected
by Privatization 181
6.7 Sources and Disposition of State Owned Enterprises by
the SPA 182
6.8 Types of Assets Remaining to Be Privatized 183
6.9 Sectoral Composition of Hungary s Current Price GDP
in 1989 and 1993 202
6.10 Changes in the Uses of Hungary s GDP, 1989 1993 203
7.1 The Structure of Output and Employment
in the US and the USSR 215
7.2 Employment in Enterprises and Organizations of Various
Forms of Ownership 216
Tables, Charts, and Boxes xiii
73 Russian Inflation Rates, 1991 1992 218
7.4 Russian State Budget Balance, 1992 1994 221
7.5 Major Macroeconomic Indicators, Russia 230
7.6 Structure of GDP by End use 230
7.7 Structure of Industrial Output 232
7.8 Alternative Estimates of Trends in Real GDP and its
Components 233
7.9 Seasonally Adjusted Output Indices by Major Categories, 1992 248
7.10 Output Indices and Retail Trade Turnover in 1992 248
Charts
2.1 Initial Conditions: Country Preparedness to Move to a Market
Economy 9
2.2 Initial Conditions: Country Preparedness to Move to a Market
Economy and Macroeconomic Disequilibrium 9
2.3 Main Parties Involved in Privatization 28
6.1 Hungary s Trade Balance, 1989 1994 170
6.2 Hungary s Budget Balance, 1989 1994 170
6.3 Annual Flow of Foreign Investment to Hungary, 1989 1994 170
6.4 Hungary: Competing Privatization Stakeholders 175
6.5 Typical Size Structure of Business Units in Market, Centrally
Planned, and Transition Economies 204
Boxes
6.1 Joint Stock versus Limited Liability Companies 158
6.2 Hungary s Compensation Policies and Their Economic Impacts 165
6.3 Policy Mistakes and Hungary s Business Environment 169
6.4 Problems in Estimating the Degree of Privatization of SOEs 179
6.5 Recapitalizing Hungary s State Owned Banks, 1991 1995 187
6.6 The Sale of Hungary s Fourth Largest Bank to Foreign
Strategic Investors 191
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Ernst, Maurice Alexeev, Michael Marer, Paul |
| author_facet | Ernst, Maurice Alexeev, Michael Marer, Paul |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
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| dewey-search | 338.947 20 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.947 220 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Russia (Federation) -- Economic policy -- 1991- Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russia (Federation) -- Economic policy -- 1991- Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Russland Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV010740122 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T09:59:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0813327040 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-007171411 |
| oclc_num | 231664446 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-739 DE-521 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 DE-521 DE-188 |
| physical | XX, 315 S. |
| publishDate | 1996 |
| publishDateSearch | 1996 |
| publishDateSort | 1996 |
| publisher | Westview Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Ernst, Maurice Alexeev, Michael Marer, Paul Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- Russia (Federation) Government business enterprises -- Europe, Eastern Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Restrukturierung (DE-588)4335640-0 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Privatisierung (DE-588)4047297-8 gnd Staatsunternehmen (DE-588)4209689-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066512-4 (DE-588)4335640-0 (DE-588)4061963-1 (DE-588)4047297-8 (DE-588)4209689-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4075739-0 |
| title | Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe |
| title_auth | Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe |
| title_exact_search | Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe |
| title_full | Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe Maurice Ernst, Michael Alexeev, and Paul Marer |
| title_fullStr | Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe Maurice Ernst, Michael Alexeev, and Paul Marer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe Maurice Ernst, Michael Alexeev, and Paul Marer |
| title_short | Transforming the core |
| title_sort | transforming the core restructuring industrial enterprises in russia and central europe |
| title_sub | restructuring industrial enterprises in Russia and central Europe |
| topic | Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- Russia (Federation) Government business enterprises -- Europe, Eastern Wirtschaftsreform (DE-588)4066512-4 gnd Restrukturierung (DE-588)4335640-0 gnd Unternehmen (DE-588)4061963-1 gnd Privatisierung (DE-588)4047297-8 gnd Staatsunternehmen (DE-588)4209689-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wirtschaftspolitik Government business enterprises -- Russia (Federation) Government business enterprises -- Europe, Eastern Wirtschaftsreform Restrukturierung Unternehmen Privatisierung Staatsunternehmen Russia (Federation) -- Economic policy -- 1991- Europe, Eastern -- Economic policy -- 1989- Russland Osteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=007171411&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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