Isotopes and climates:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London u.a.
Elsevier Applied Science
1991
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=002831181&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XV, 483 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1851664092 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819332978676858880 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ISOTOPES
AND CLIMATES
ROBERT BOWEN
Professor of Geology, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,
Westfalische-Wilhelms University, Miinster, Federal Republic of
Germany
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE
LONDON and NEW YORK
Contents
Preface v
Acknowledgements vii
Geologic Time Scales xiv
Introduction 1
Chapter 1THEBIGHEAT? 11
1 The greenhouse effect and depletion of the ozone layer 11
2 Ice and its isotopes 17
3 Combustion of fossil fuels and rising levels of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere 19
4 What must be done? 23
5 The little ice age and other short-term climatic trends 28
6 Astronomical cycles and long-term climatic trends 29
7 The radioactive isotope of carbon 30
8 Radioactive and stable isotopes in ice cores and the spectral
analysis of high-frequency climatic cycles 32
9 The present interglacial (?) episode 34
10 How a cooling trend is turning into a warming one 36
11 Isotopes and investigations of climates past, present and future 37
Chapter 2ISOTOPESANDCLIMATESNOWANDIN
THEPAST 43
1 Isotopes 43
2 Determination of isotopic compositions 46
3 Mass spectrometry 47
4 Inlet system 47
5 Ion source 49
6 Mass analyser 51
7 Ion collectors 53
ix
X CONTENTS
8 5-values 56
9 Isotope reference standards 57
10 Oxygen 58
11 Hydrogen 6 1
12 Normalization of oxygen and hydrogen isotope data 62
13 Oxygen isotope ratios 63
14 Hydrogen isotope ratios 66
15 Carbon 68
16 Nitrogen 69
17 Sulphur 70
18 Strontium 71
19 Isotopic fractionation 71
20 Determination of equilibrium isotopic fractionation 73
21 Oxygen isotope fractionation in carbonates 74
22 Preparation of carbonates 82
23 Carbonate purification processes 83
24 Extraction of carbon dioxide 87
25 Environmental isotopes as palaeoclimatic indicators 97
26 Natural waters in the hydrosphere 99
27 Temperature, altitude and latitude effects 104
28 Carbon isotope disequilibrium in carbonate precipitation and vital
effects 109
29 Oxygen isotope palaeoclimatology in palaeo-oceans: ice volume
versus palaeotemperatures 113
30 Carbon distribution on Earth 120
31 Oxygen and carbon isotopes in freshwater shells, terrestrial plant
organic carbon and marine plankton 122
32 Deuterium in organic matter 132
33 Forward to the past 133
Chapter 3 ISOTOPES ANDTHEGLOBALCARBON
CYCLE NOWAND IN THEQUATERNARY 145
1 The NOAA/GMCC measurement programme 145
2 Simulating atmospheric carbon dioxide distribution 146
3 Past atmospheric carbon dioxide from ice cores 148
4 Ancient carbon cycle changes from tree-ring carbon-13 and
carbon-14 152
5 Northern Hemisphere 13C/12C trends of atmospheric carbon
dioxide in tree rings 157
6 Carbon in terrestrial ecosystems 159
7 Modelling the global carbon cycle 161
8 Modelling the oceans 167
Chapter 4 ISOTOPES AND ICE AGE IMPACTS 1 7 5
1 The glacial theory 175
2 Cause(s) of the ice age(s) 178
3 Oxygen, carbon and hydrogen isotopes in seas and trees 183
CONTENTS XI
4 Ice age geography 190
5 Simulating the ice age 196
6 Ice cores 200
7 Ocean sediment cores 204
8 Orbital-frequency rhythms in the 518O record 208
9 Constructing models of climatic response for the Pleistocene 209
10 Spectral and cross-spectral models 212
11 Gain-and-phase models 212
12 Dynamic models 217
13 Climatic variations in other frequency bands 217
14 Orbital variations as the cause of Pleistocene ice ages 218
15 North American cryospheric fluctuations 219
16 Pre-Pleistocene glacial episodes 220
17 Modelling arrays in the space, time and frequency domains 222
18 Transformations 224
19 Multivariate procedures 225
20 Climate forcing 227
21 Pleistocene-Holocene climatic changes 230
22 Changes in oceanic water deuterium content with time 232
23 From the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary to today 233
24 Extending the isotope stages back to the latest Pliocene 235
25 Comparing Late Pleistocene extinctions and those at the
Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary 239
26 Using quantitative techniques in isotope chronostratigraphy 243
27 A TYPE record for the Pleistocene 518O signal with time as a
template for comparison with other Plio-Pleistocene oxygen
isotope records 247
28 Formulation of a TYPE record 252
Chapter 5 ISOTOPES AND TERTIARY CRISES T H E
CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY (K/T) A N D
OTHER BOUNDARIES MASS EXTINCTIONS
THROUGH TIME 269
1 Pliocene palaeoclimates and their relevance to that of Earth in the
twenty-first century 269
2 Strontium isotopes in the Late Neogene ocean Palaeoceanographic
changes in the late Oligocene and Early Miocene 272
3 The climate of the Eocene ocean 277
4 The Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) Boundary and mass extinctions 282
5 Astronomical driving mechanisms, periodic impacts and mass
extinctions 292
6 Oxygen and carbon isotope variations in foraminiferal carbonates
across the K/T Boundary 297
7 Further observations on K/T-related mass extinctions 306
8 Analysing periodicity 313
9 Judgement on the K/T mass extinction event 317
Xll CONTENTS
Chapter 6 MESOZOIC CLIMATES AND ISOTOPES 336
1 Terrestrial plants and animals, sedimentary criteria and oxygen
isotope data as palaeoclimatic indicators in the Mesozoic Era 336
2 Oxygen isotope analyses of benthonic foraminifera from deep
Pacific cores, belemnite rostrae and Mesozoic palaeoclimatology 345
3 The Cretaceous Period and its temperature variations 349
4 Patterns of continental precipitation 351
5 Fluctuating Jurassic palaeotemperatures 353
6 The problem of equability and the dramatic Permian-Triassic mass
extinction 355
7 Limit of predictability in a chaotic solar system and the
palaeoclimates of the Mesozoic and earlier time intervals 366
Chapter 7 THE ISOTOPES OF OXYGEN AND CARBON
IN PALAEOZOIC OCEANS AND
ORGANISMS 376
1 Climatic modelling for the earlier Phanerozoic Aeon 376
2 The oxygen and carbon isotopic record 377
3 Secular variations and their causes 382
4 Isotopic composition of seawater 384
5 Chemical diagenesis and Palaeozoic fossils from North America 385
6 Sr/^Sr Ratios in Permo-Carboniferous seawater from
Chapter 8 THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY : THE
PRECAMBRIAN AEONS 396
1 A chronological behemoth 396
2 Palaeoclimates of the Epiproterozoic 398
3 The Vendian Ice Age 399
4 Carbon and sulphur isotopes in the Precambrian of the Canadian
Shield 401
5 Precambrian palaeobiology 404
6 The Archaean-Proterozoic Transition 408
GLOSSARY 413
Author Index 453
Subject Index 465
|
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| id | DE-604.BV004608632 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T08:20:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1851664092 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-002831181 |
| oclc_num | 20057001 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 |
| physical | XV, 483 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1991 |
| publishDateSearch | 1991 |
| publishDateSort | 1991 |
| publisher | Elsevier Applied Science |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Bowen, Robert Isotopes and climates Isotopes Paléoclimatologie Paleoclimatology Isotopenhäufigkeit (DE-588)4162584-5 gnd Paläoklimatologie (DE-588)4173112-8 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4162584-5 (DE-588)4173112-8 (DE-588)4164199-1 |
| title | Isotopes and climates |
| title_auth | Isotopes and climates |
| title_exact_search | Isotopes and climates |
| title_full | Isotopes and climates Robert Bowen |
| title_fullStr | Isotopes and climates Robert Bowen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Isotopes and climates Robert Bowen |
| title_short | Isotopes and climates |
| title_sort | isotopes and climates |
| topic | Isotopes Paléoclimatologie Paleoclimatology Isotopenhäufigkeit (DE-588)4162584-5 gnd Paläoklimatologie (DE-588)4173112-8 gnd Klimaänderung (DE-588)4164199-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Isotopes Paléoclimatologie Paleoclimatology Isotopenhäufigkeit Paläoklimatologie Klimaänderung |
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